《近代史研究》2008年第5期目录提要

一、中文目录

专题论文

皖南事变之后国共两党的政治较量 邓 野（18）

金毓黻与南北学风的分合 桑 兵（16）

邓廷桢与广东禁烟问题 吴义雄（19）

由脱序到整合：清末外省财政机构的变动 刘增合（17）

清末四川庙产兴学及由此产生的僧俗纠纷 徐 跃 (16)

读史札记

《四裔编年表》与晚清中西时间观念的交融 邹振环（9）

王庆云《石渠余纪》所载道光关税辨析 倪玉平 (8)

2007年中国近代史论著目录 近代史研究所图书馆（54）

二、中文内容提要

皖南事变之后国共两党的政治较量　　邓野（中国社会科学院近代史研究所研究员）

［内容提要］ 皖南事变发生之后，国民党内随即产生四派意见：何应钦主张为叶挺另编一新四军；白崇禧主张取消新四军番号；徐永昌主张政治上与中共全面破裂；王世杰、张治中、贺耀祖等则力主缓和。蒋介石采纳了白崇禧的意见。国共在尖锐对立的同时，又都为避免全面破裂设置了各自的限制，这一设限集中表现为避免新四军牵扯八路军。在势态得到控制之后，最后一个问题即皖南事变政治了结的条件。国共围绕条件的较量集中在二届一次参政会。第三方面以调解国共纠纷为契机，提出了自己独立的条件。蒋介石运用现实利益的杠杆作用，满足了第三方面的条件从而将其吸引过来。结果，中共通过拒绝出席参政会，将皖南事变的政治性质暴露出来，而蒋则通过吸引第三方面使参政会全票否决中共条件，双方互有胜负。两党关系转入“拖”的局面。

［关键词］新四军 国民党 共产党 第三方面 参政会

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金毓黻与南北学风的分合　　桑 兵（中山大学历史系教授）

［内容提要］中国近代学术界的学分南北，在后来主流的叙述中，隐然成为新旧的同义词，并有连续的人脉关系，化作成见与心结，继续操控学界的动向。实则南北各有新旧，一般学人也不作此是彼非，壁垒森严的划线。出身北京大学而非新文化派的金毓黻，凭借1920年代下半期尤其是迁都以来的南北学界对流之风，入主南派大本营的中央大学历史学系。因应国内外学风转移，以及个人阅历学识的增长，其观念与人事均主张融会贯通，捐弃各执一偏的极端，回归学术的大道本原。

［关键词］金毓黻 南派 北派 学风 近代学术

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邓廷桢与广东禁烟问题　　吴义雄（中山大学历史系教授）

［内容提要］ 1836－1839年两广总督邓廷桢在广东的禁烟活动，与鸦片战争前中英关系的演变具有直接联系。邓廷桢在1836年一度拥护许乃济提出的弛禁鸦片贸易的建议，并为此作了积极准备。在清廷决定实施严禁政策后，邓廷桢怀着犹疑、观望的态度执行道光帝的谕令，对伶仃洋鸦片趸船打击不力，但在切断内地鸦片贩子与鸦片趸船联系方面的努力却收到可观的效果，使持续多年的鸦片贸易模式遭受重创。这一结果却使得外国鸦片贩子加速寻求向中国东、北部沿海贩卖鸦片，并导致广州内河鸦片走私活动的复活，鸦片问题在总体上显得更为严峻。受到政治压力的邓廷桢利用因义士贩烟事件，迫使广州外侨总商会和英国驻华商务监督义律与其达成禁止广州内河鸦片走私的协议。但这一协议因清廷决定派遣林则徐赴粤采取更为严厉的禁烟措施而告终结。

［关键词］邓廷桢 道光帝 鸦片问题 禁烟政策 伶仃洋 内河走私

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由脱序到整合：清末外省财政机构的变动　　刘增合（暨南大学历史系教授）

［内容提要］清季外省财政机构通过裁局改制，经历了由纷乱无序到财权相对统一的重要转变。裁局改制前期注重节流主义，后期相对重视制度改变。光绪末年的财政改制主要是督抚司道的自发调整，宣统年间则是来自清廷“裁局改制”谕旨和度支部的督催。外省督抚虽遵照谕令实施变革，但却力图控制财政实权。度支部统一财政、强化各省藩司实权的愿望受到督抚的表面应付，实难如愿达到目的。由于机构整合过程中受到各种制度和人事影响，通过改制设立的省财政机构明显存在新旧杂糅的特征，在分科办事、职员构成和运行习惯上，未能与旧传统彻底区分。清廷和各省在财政机构的改制上，尚存在着“能力”与“努力”的各种约束，改制结果并不纯粹是积极的。

［关键词］财政机构 清末新政 裁局改制 度支部

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清末四川庙产兴学及由此产生的僧俗纠纷　　徐跃（四川大学历史文化学院博士研究生）

［内容提要］四川的庙产兴学始于1902年利用庙产兴学的国策，而1905年保护庙产的上谕则是个分界线，此前各州县基本由官绅根据本地状况自行拟定计划报上级批准，此后四川总督开始对提取庙会产业的方式进行了一系列政策界定。同时，此前各地寺庙基本服从地方官绅的处置，即有纷争也属局部范围；此后寺僧明显利用上谕质疑提拨庙产的正当性，与地方官绅的纷争普遍增多。在房舍利用方面，各地新学堂设在寺庙观庵之中的比例都相当大。而在提取庙会产业的起始时间、提取的方式、所提的比例等方面，各州县的实际运作存在不小的差异。一般来说，经济较为贫困的地区在办学中对庙产的依赖性相对较大，而经济较富庶的地方仅将庙产视为办学的辅助财源。

［关键词］庙产兴学 清末教育改革 近代四川 乡村社会 僧俗关系

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《四裔编年表》与晚清中西时间观念的交融　　邹振环（复旦大学历史系教授）

［内容提要］《四裔编年表》是晚清最早由江南制造局译刊的一部外国历史年表体著述。该书的编纂特点是以中国王位纪年为主，辅以干支纪年，将中国两种纪年方式与基督纪年结合在一起，首次将西方历史记载的时间观念介绍到中国，引发了学界关于中西时间观念的多元性思考。该书为中国学者提供了一种中西历史的横向比较的思考形式，这一思维方式进一步触发和增强了民族的危机感；同时也形成了历史叙事上一种宏阔的历史视野；这一中西合璧纪年的世界历史大事记，也是东亚最早的一部采用基督纪年的大事年表，对中国与东亚纪年问题的思考产生了积极的影响。

［关键词］《四裔编年表》 晚清 年表体 时间观念

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王庆云《石渠余纪》所载道光关税辨析　　倪玉平（北京师范大学历史文化学院副教授）

［内容提要］王庆云《石渠余纪》所载道光关税数据，历来为研究者所重视。本文从关税数量、关税额度及历年各关奏销档案所载数据等资料入手，详细辨析了《石渠余纪》一书的诸多遗漏及错误之处，进而修正相关年份数据，认为在道光晚期，清代关税征收量仍然保持着很高的水平。由此看来，从关税量的角度论证“道光萧条”，恐怕是站不住脚的。

［关键词］王庆云 《石渠余纪》 道光关税

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 2007年中国近代史论著目录　　近代史研究所图书馆

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三、英文内容提要

Modern Chinese History Studies No.5, 2008

The Political Struggle between the CCP and Guomindang after the South Anhui Incident

Deng Ye (4)

After the South Anhui Incident, opinion in the Guomindang was divided into four camps: He Yingqin proposed organizing another New Fourth Army for Ye Ting; Bai Chongxi advocated eliminating the New Fourth Army’s designation altogether; Xu Yongchang stood for making a complete political break with the CCP; Wang Shijie, Zhang Zhizhong, He Yaozu and some others strongly urged moderation. Chiang Kai-shek finally adopted Bai Chongxi’s stance. Though keenly opposed each other, both the CCP and Guomindang restrained themselves in order to avoid a complete split. The focus of these restraints was preventing the Eighth Route Army from becoming embroiled with the New Fourth Army. After the situation was brought under control, the last problem was to reach a political settlement of the South Anhui Incident. The struggles between the two parties over the conditions for a settlement were concentrated on the First Session of the Second National Participating Conference. The third parties took advantage of their position mediating between the CCP and Guomindang to propose their own independent conditions. Chiang Kai-shek used concrete benefits as a lever to satisfy the third parties’ conditions and lure them to his side. As a result, the CCP refused to attend the National Participating Conference and exposed the politicized nature of the South Anhui Incident. However, Chiang Kai-shek convinced the third parties to join in a unanimous rejection of the CCP’s conditions at the National Participating Conference. Thus, both the CCP and Guomindang had gains and losses, and relations between the two parties shifted to a “waiting game.”

Jin Yufu and the Division and Merging of the Southern and Northern Styles of Study

Sang Bing (22)

In later mainstream narratives, the differences between the Southern and Northern styles of study in modern Chinese academic circles are vaguely synonymous with new versus old. As this position has been passed on from one scholar to another, it has hardened into a prejudice and a sore point and continues to steer academic trends. But in fact both the South and the North incorporated new and old, and ordinary scholars at the time did not make a sharp distinction between them. In the late 1920s there was considerable exchange between the South and North Factions, particularly when the capital was moved to Nanjing. Jin Yufu, graduating from Peking University but not belonging to the New Culture Faction, took advantage of this exchange and presided over the South Faction’s home base: the Department of History at Central University. As styles of study were transformed both in China and abroad, and as his own experience and scholarship developed, Jin came to advocate mixing the two factions together both ideologically and in terms of personnel. He advocated abandoning extremist opposition and returning to the fundamentals of academic studies.

Deng Tingzhen and Opium Prohibition in Guangdong Wu Yixiong(37)

As governor-general of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces, Deng Tingzhen’s prohibition of the opium trade from 1836 to 1839 was directly related to the evolution of Sino-British relations. In 1836, Deng for a time enthusiastically supported Xu Naiji’s proposal to lift the ban on the opium trade, and made active preparations for it. When the Qing court decided to strictly prohibit the opium trade, Deng carried out Emperor Daoguang’s policy reluctantly and failed to drive out the opium storage ships from the Lintin waters. But he did succeed in cutting off the link between the ships and Chinese opium dealers, severely disrupting the longstanding pattern of opium smuggling. However, these actions resulted in much more opium smuggling along the coasts of eastern and northern China and the revival of opium smuggling on the inner Pearl River near Guangzhou. Thus the opium problem became more critical. Under increased political pressure, Deng used the Innes smuggling case as an opportunity to force the General Chamber of Commerce of Foreign Residents in Canton and Charles Elliot, Superintendent of British Trade in China, to reach an agreement on banning opium smuggling on the inner river. But that agreement ceased to function because of the arrival of Commissioner Lin Zexu, whose mission was to launch a much more severe policy to extinguish the opium trade.

From Disorder to Conformity: Changes in Provincial Finance Organizations in the Late Qing Dynasty Liu Zenghe (56)

By cutting down some departments and making structural reforms, provincial finance organizations in the late Qing period underwent an important change from disorder to a relatively unified financial authority. In the early period of the re-organization, they focused on reducing expenditures, and in the late period they attached importance to institutional reforms. In the reign of Emperor Guangxu the adjustments of the financial systems were first driven by the provincial governors, inspectors and local magistrates themselves. Then in the reign of Emperor Xuantong they were spurred by the Ministry of Revenue as well as the imperial edict to “cut down departments and make structural reforms.” Though governor-generals and governors carried out the reforms in accordance with the edict, they tried to hold on to real financial power. The governor-generals and governors merely paid lip service to the Ministry of Revenue, making it hard for the ministry to realize its desire to unify the financial system and strengthen the Financial Commissioner’s real power. Since the structural rectifications were influenced by many institutional and personnel factors, the provincial finance organizations established through reform clearly exhibited a characteristic combination of the old with the new, and could not be completely separated from the old tradition in bureaucratic divisions, staff composition and operational practices. As to the structural reforms, the Qing court and the provincial governments were all restricted by their inertia and limited capabilities, thus leaving behind less than completely positive results.

Using Temple Estates to Set Up Schools in Late Qing Sichuan, and the Disputes Arising Therefrom Xu Yue (73)

The practice of using temple estates to set up schools in Sichuan began with the national policy of 1902, and the edict of 1905 to protect temple estates was a watershed. Before the issue of the edict, all prefectures and counties formulated plans and provided them to superior officials. These plans were mainly drawn up by officials and gentry according to local conditions. After the issue of the edict, the governor-general of Sichuan began to implement a series of policies to limit ways of withdrawing temple estates. At the same time, before the issue of the edict, temples generally submitted to their treatment by the local officials and gentry, though there were some partial disputes. After the issue of the edict, more and more monks used the edict to question the justice of withdrawing the temple estates, and their disputes with local officials generally increased. As to the use of buildings, the ratio of new schools established in temples was considerable in all areas. However, the timing, methods and extents of temple estate withdrawals varied greatly from prefecture to prefecture. Generally speaking, in the process of setting up schools, poor areas largely depended on temple estates, while rich areas just took temple estates as supplementary financial resources.

The Book of Dates and the Blend of Chinese and Western Ideas about Time in the Late Qing Dynasty Zou Zhenhuan (89)

A Classification of the Daoguang-Era Tariffs Recorded in Wang Qingyun’s Shiqu Yuji Ni Yuping (98)

Catalog of Publications on Modern Chinese History, 2007 (106)